In what features of a nosotrophy consist at a nephritis?
In the acute period patients are subject to hospitalisation with confinement to bed observance. The diet with restriction of a liquid to 700-800 ml a day, salts is prescribed. At development of signs of renal insufficiency fiber consumption is limited.
In the acute period of illness the nurse should watch a daily urine of the patient. After the termination of the acute period of illness the nurse watches that the patient avoided a frigorism and exercise stresses.
Categorically the use of spirits is forbidden.
In what feature of a nosotrophy consists at uremia occurrence?
At an uremia which is characterised by a nausea, vomiting, a smell of ammonia from a mouth, dryness and the skin itch, sick demand careful observation of the nurse which supervises a daily urine, arterial pressure, carries out the general leaving. For excision from an organism of nitric slags sister on doctor's orders puts to the patient high cleansing enemas, spends a gastric lavage. The patient categorically forbids spirits.
Technics of a gastric lavage
Gastric lavage at an uremia - procedure of excision from a stomach of its contents for the purpose of intoxication reduction by nitric slags.
For a gastric lavage use a thick gastric tube and a funnel. Before a gastric lavage the patient put on an oil-cloth apron; if it has demountable tooth prostheses, they are taken out. A probe before introduction grease vegetative or a liquid paraffin. The patient has a seat on a chair, densely having leant to its backrest, slightly having inclined forward a head and having moved apart knees that between feet it was possible to put a bucket or a basin.
Probe enter to a root of tongue and ask the patient to make some swallowing movements therefore the probe easily gets to an esophagus and a stomach. In some cases probe advancement calls a vomitive reflex; to the patient suggest to breathe deeply and often, and a probe in the meantime quickly enter. The funnel is lifted upwards on height by of 1-1,5 m, pour in it water, a solution of baking soda or other washing liquid. Then, when a funnel lower more low, in it stomach contents arrive. A gastric lavage make until the water arriving from a stomach, does not become pure. Procedure is carried out medics.
To wash out a stomach it is possible and in another way. The patient drinks 5-6 glasses of warm water (a weak solution of baking soda) then, irritating with a finger the tongue root, calls vomiting. This procedure repeats also until the water following from a stomach, does not become pure. Contraindications for this simplified way is the unconsciousness of the patient.
What treatment and leaving prescribe at a renal colic?
Prescribe Promedolum with atropine, a warm bath. At obvious signs of moving of a renal stone more plentiful warm drink is desirable. At the tightened attack caused by infringement of a stone, the catheterization of ureters, and sometimes an operative measure is shown. At a renal colic the nurse does not depart from the patient before putting off of pains.
At urological patients edemas more often are observed.
What basic mechanisms of development of edemas?
Edemas - a liquid clump in cavities and tissues owing to disturbance of a water exchange. In an edematization a leading role play intensifying of diffusion of a liquid from blood vessels in a tissue and a delay of a liquid a tissue.
The hydropic liquid is characterised by low relative density and the insignificant maintenance of fiber.
How the latent period of a delay of a liquid is shown?
Occurrence of obvious edemas is preceded by the latent period of a delay of a liquid which is shown by reduction of quantity of allocated urine and increase of mass of a body (it is defined at daily weighing).
How it is possible to distinguish occurrence of edemas in the patient?
At pressing on a skin in places of edemas there is longly not disappearing fossa. On a skin linen cords are printed.
What obvious implications of edemas?
The hydropic liquid accumulates usually in most low located parts of a body. At vertical position of a body edemas appear standing and are enlarged by the evening. At bed patients edemas first of all appear in the field of a loin. Renal edemas arise on the person under eyes owing to friability of a hypodermic fat.
In serious cases there are massive edemas of feet and a trunk. The skin becomes dry, smooth, acyanotic, shelled, insensitive to heat. Therefore, giving to the patient of a heater, it is necessary to watch, that there were no combustions.
What features of care of patients with edemas?
At patients with edemas predilection to education of decubituses becomes perceptible, therefore they should change is more often position in bed, is better to give to the patient a semi-sitting position. On a bedsheet there should not be cords and crumbs. Under breeches and a sacrum enclose the inflatable rubber circle covered with a diaper. Adjoining surfaces of a skin (under mammary glands at women, in inguinal cords) powder Talcum or lay between them a gauze. A skin of the patient wipe an alcohol aqueous solution, cologne or other disinfectants.
Protective properties of a skin at an edema go down. Therefore, if after an injection in a skin there is an aperture from which the hydropic liquid filters, it is necessary to grease with its iodine and to put a sterile gauze napkin for infection and pyesis preventive maintenance.
How the control over deducing of a liquid from an organism of the patient is carried out?
The patient with edemas it is necessary to weigh and measure daily its daily water balance, i.e. a parity between the liquid drunk for days and quantity of the allocated urine. The drunk liquid switches on also liquid dishes (soup, kissel). Daily urine collect in separate ware which is in a water-closet (more often it is a three-litre large bottle). Measure quantity of urine by a measured flask. In the morning night sister sums up and brings it in a case history. The daily account of these data and daily weighing of patients allow to judge dynamics of edemas - their reduction or augmentation.
All patients with edemas should be under observation of the doctor which prescribes a diet with table salt and liquid restriction.
In the acute period patients are subject to hospitalisation with confinement to bed observance. The diet with restriction of a liquid to 700-800 ml a day, salts is prescribed. At development of signs of renal insufficiency fiber consumption is limited.
In the acute period of illness the nurse should watch a daily urine of the patient. After the termination of the acute period of illness the nurse watches that the patient avoided a frigorism and exercise stresses.
Categorically the use of spirits is forbidden.
In what feature of a nosotrophy consists at uremia occurrence?
At an uremia which is characterised by a nausea, vomiting, a smell of ammonia from a mouth, dryness and the skin itch, sick demand careful observation of the nurse which supervises a daily urine, arterial pressure, carries out the general leaving. For excision from an organism of nitric slags sister on doctor's orders puts to the patient high cleansing enemas, spends a gastric lavage. The patient categorically forbids spirits.
Technics of a gastric lavage
Gastric lavage at an uremia - procedure of excision from a stomach of its contents for the purpose of intoxication reduction by nitric slags.
For a gastric lavage use a thick gastric tube and a funnel. Before a gastric lavage the patient put on an oil-cloth apron; if it has demountable tooth prostheses, they are taken out. A probe before introduction grease vegetative or a liquid paraffin. The patient has a seat on a chair, densely having leant to its backrest, slightly having inclined forward a head and having moved apart knees that between feet it was possible to put a bucket or a basin.
Probe enter to a root of tongue and ask the patient to make some swallowing movements therefore the probe easily gets to an esophagus and a stomach. In some cases probe advancement calls a vomitive reflex; to the patient suggest to breathe deeply and often, and a probe in the meantime quickly enter. The funnel is lifted upwards on height by of 1-1,5 m, pour in it water, a solution of baking soda or other washing liquid. Then, when a funnel lower more low, in it stomach contents arrive. A gastric lavage make until the water arriving from a stomach, does not become pure. Procedure is carried out medics.
To wash out a stomach it is possible and in another way. The patient drinks 5-6 glasses of warm water (a weak solution of baking soda) then, irritating with a finger the tongue root, calls vomiting. This procedure repeats also until the water following from a stomach, does not become pure. Contraindications for this simplified way is the unconsciousness of the patient.
What treatment and leaving prescribe at a renal colic?
Prescribe Promedolum with atropine, a warm bath. At obvious signs of moving of a renal stone more plentiful warm drink is desirable. At the tightened attack caused by infringement of a stone, the catheterization of ureters, and sometimes an operative measure is shown. At a renal colic the nurse does not depart from the patient before putting off of pains.
At urological patients edemas more often are observed.
What basic mechanisms of development of edemas?
Edemas - a liquid clump in cavities and tissues owing to disturbance of a water exchange. In an edematization a leading role play intensifying of diffusion of a liquid from blood vessels in a tissue and a delay of a liquid a tissue.
The hydropic liquid is characterised by low relative density and the insignificant maintenance of fiber.
How the latent period of a delay of a liquid is shown?
Occurrence of obvious edemas is preceded by the latent period of a delay of a liquid which is shown by reduction of quantity of allocated urine and increase of mass of a body (it is defined at daily weighing).
How it is possible to distinguish occurrence of edemas in the patient?
At pressing on a skin in places of edemas there is longly not disappearing fossa. On a skin linen cords are printed.
What obvious implications of edemas?
The hydropic liquid accumulates usually in most low located parts of a body. At vertical position of a body edemas appear standing and are enlarged by the evening. At bed patients edemas first of all appear in the field of a loin. Renal edemas arise on the person under eyes owing to friability of a hypodermic fat.
In serious cases there are massive edemas of feet and a trunk. The skin becomes dry, smooth, acyanotic, shelled, insensitive to heat. Therefore, giving to the patient of a heater, it is necessary to watch, that there were no combustions.
What features of care of patients with edemas?
At patients with edemas predilection to education of decubituses becomes perceptible, therefore they should change is more often position in bed, is better to give to the patient a semi-sitting position. On a bedsheet there should not be cords and crumbs. Under breeches and a sacrum enclose the inflatable rubber circle covered with a diaper. Adjoining surfaces of a skin (under mammary glands at women, in inguinal cords) powder Talcum or lay between them a gauze. A skin of the patient wipe an alcohol aqueous solution, cologne or other disinfectants.
Protective properties of a skin at an edema go down. Therefore, if after an injection in a skin there is an aperture from which the hydropic liquid filters, it is necessary to grease with its iodine and to put a sterile gauze napkin for infection and pyesis preventive maintenance.
How the control over deducing of a liquid from an organism of the patient is carried out?
The patient with edemas it is necessary to weigh and measure daily its daily water balance, i.e. a parity between the liquid drunk for days and quantity of the allocated urine. The drunk liquid switches on also liquid dishes (soup, kissel). Daily urine collect in separate ware which is in a water-closet (more often it is a three-litre large bottle). Measure quantity of urine by a measured flask. In the morning night sister sums up and brings it in a case history. The daily account of these data and daily weighing of patients allow to judge dynamics of edemas - their reduction or augmentation.
All patients with edemas should be under observation of the doctor which prescribes a diet with table salt and liquid restriction.
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